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Reference Electrode Conversion Calculator

Reference Electrode Conversion Calculator
In electrochemical measurements, measured potential is always relative to the reference electrode used. It is common to convert the measured potential vs. reference to that of a different reference electrode, which has its own redox chemistry and therefore, a different scale. This calculator makes common assumptions.
To get started, enter the measured potential value (in mV) and select the reference electrode used to acquire this value. Then, click Calculate. After a moment, the fields below will update with the converted potential vs. the given reference electrode at 25°C. We provide a list of references from which our values were obtained.
mV
vs.
Theoretical Reference Electrodes
\displaystyle 2H^{+}+2e \rightleftharpoons H_2 \qquad E^{\circ}=0 \; mV
mV
vs.
Normal Hydrogen [NHE]
mV
vs.
Standard Hydrogen [SHE]
Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂] Reference Electrodes
\displaystyle {Hg_{2}Cl_{2}}_{(s)}+2e \rightleftharpoons 2Hg_{(liq)}+2Cl^- \qquad E^{\circ}=268 \; mV
mV
vs.
Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂] (saturated KCl)
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mV
vs.
Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂] (saturated NaCl)
mV
vs.
Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂] (3.5 M KCl)
mV
vs.
Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂] (1 M KCl)
mV
vs.
Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂] (0.1 M KCl)
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] Reference Electrodes
\displaystyle AgCl_{(s)}+e \rightleftharpoons Ag_{(s)} +Cl^- \qquad E^{\circ}=222 \; mV
mV
vs.
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] (saturated KCl)
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mV
vs.
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] (3.5 M KCl)
mV
vs.
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] (3 M KCl)
mV
vs.
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] (1 M KCl)
mV
vs.
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] (seawater)
mV
vs.
Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl] (0.1 M KCl)
Mercury Sulfate [Hg/Hg₂SO₄] Reference Electrodes
\displaystyle {Hg_{2}SO_{4}}_{(s)} +2e \rightleftharpoons 2Hg_{(liq)}+ SO_{4}^{2-} \qquad E^{\circ}=613 \; mV
mV
vs.
Mercury Sulfate [Hg/Hg₂SO₄] (3.8 M H₂SO₄)
mV
vs.
Mercury Sulfate [Hg/Hg₂SO₄] (1 M H₂SO₄)
mV
vs.
Mercury Sulfate [Hg/Hg₂SO₄] (0.5 M H₂SO₄)
mV
vs.
Mercury Sulfate [Hg/Hg₂SO₄] (saturated K₂SO₄)
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Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO] Reference Electrodes
\displaystyle HgO_{(s)} +2e+H_{2}O \rightleftharpoons Hg_{(liq)}+2OH^- \qquad E^{\circ}=98 \; mV
mV
vs.
Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO] (1 M NaOH)
mV
vs.
Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO] (0.1 M NaOH)
mV
vs.
Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO] (1 M KOH)
mV
vs.
Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO] (0.1 M KOH)
mV
vs.
Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO] (4.24 M / 20% w/w KOH)
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Silver Sulfate [Ag/Ag₂SO₄] Reference Electrode
\displaystyle {Ag_{2}SO_{4}}_{(s)}+2e \rightleftharpoons 2Ag_{(s)}+SO_{4}^{2-} \qquad E^{\circ}=654 \; mV
mV
vs.
Silver Sulfate [Ag/Ag₂SO₄] (saturated K₂SO₄)
Copper Sulfate [Cu/CuSO₄] Reference Electrode
\displaystyle CuSO_{4}+2e \rightleftharpoons Cu_{(s)}+SO_{4}^{2+} \qquad E^{\circ}=342 \; mV
mV
vs.
Copper Sulfate [Cu/CuSO₄] (saturated CuSO₄)