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    Reference Electrode Conversion Calculator

    Reference Electrode Conversion Calculator

    In electrochemical measurements, measured potential is always relative to the reference electrode used. It is common to convert the measured potential vs. reference to that of a different reference electrode, which has its own redox chemistry and therefore, a different scale. This calculator makes common assumptions.

    How to Use this Calculator

    1. In the Input section, enter the measured potential (in mV) and select the reference electrode used to acquire this value from the dropdown list.
    2. Click Calculate
    3. Scroll down the Outputs section to view the potential you entered vs. many common reference electrodes.
    4. In the input section, click the Reset button to clear all values.
    Input
    mV
    vs.
    Outputs
    Theoretical Reference Electrodes [H₂]
    \displaystyle 2H^{+}+2e \rightleftharpoons H_2 \qquad E^{\circ}=0 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    H₂ (NHE)
    mV
    vs.
    H₂ (SHE)
    Calomel [Hg₂Cl₂]
    \displaystyle {Hg_{2}Cl_{2}}_{(s)}+2e \rightleftharpoons 2Hg_{(liq)}+2Cl^- \qquad E^{\circ}=268 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    Hg₂Cl₂ (saturated KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg₂Cl₂ (saturated NaCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg₂Cl₂ (3.5 M KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg₂Cl₂ (1 M KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg₂Cl₂ (0.1 M KCl)
    Silver Chloride [Ag/AgCl]
    \displaystyle AgCl_{(s)}+e \rightleftharpoons Ag_{(s)} +Cl^- \qquad E^{\circ}=222 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/AgCl (3.5 M KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/AgCl (1 M KCl)
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/AgCl (seawater)
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl)
    Mercury Sulfate [Hg/Hg₂SO₄]
    \displaystyle {Hg_{2}SO_{4}}_{(s)} +2e \rightleftharpoons 2Hg_{(liq)}+ SO_{4}^{2-} \qquad E^{\circ}=613 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/Hg₂SO₄ (3.8 M H₂SO₄)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/Hg₂SO₄ (1 M H₂;SO₄)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/Hg₂SO₄ (0.5 M H₂SO₄)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/Hg₂SO₄ (saturated K₂SO₄)
    Mercury Oxide [Hg/HgO]
    \displaystyle HgO_{(s)} +2e+H_{2}O \rightleftharpoons Hg_{(liq)}+2OH^- \qquad E^{\circ}=98 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/HgO (1 M NaOH)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/HgO (0.1 M NaOH)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/HgO (1 M KOH)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/HgO (0.1 M KOH)
    mV
    vs.
    Hg/HgO (4.24 M / 20% w/w KOH)
    Silver Sulfate [Ag/Ag₂SO₄]
    \displaystyle {Ag_{2}SO_{4}}_{(s)}+2e \rightleftharpoons 2Ag_{(s)}+SO_{4}^{2-} \qquad E^{\circ}=654 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    Ag/Ag₂SO₄ (saturated K₂SO₄)
    Copper Sulfate [Cu/CuSO₄]
    \displaystyle CuSO_{4}+2e \rightleftharpoons Cu_{(s)}+SO_{4}^{2+} \qquad E^{\circ}=342 \; mV
    mV
    vs.
    Cu/CuSO₄ (saturated CuSO₄)