Windows

[toggle title = “Background: Microsoft Windows Information”] When you are controlling and acquiring data from a scientific instrument with a personal computer, you often must become aquainted with parts of the Microsoft Windows operation system that the...

Working Electrode

Electrochemical cells have at least two electrodes, and those cells used for analysis purposes usually have three electrodes. While various redox reactions occur at each of these electrodes, there is usually one particular electrode in the cell which is the focus of...

Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE)

A Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE) is a special type of working electrode used for analytical purposes in an electrochemical cell. Spinning a disk at high speed in an electrolyte solution sets up a well-defined mass transport flow condition. Material is initially...

Reduction

In the field of chemistry, the term reduction is used to describe a process involving a gain of electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule. In a chemical reaction where one reactant is reduced (i.e., gain of electrons), one or more of the other reactants undergo oxidation...